- רדופליקציה בטורקית - פונולוגיה לצ'אק- turkish-phonology-reduplication

Turkish consonants (in IPA):

Turkish vowels:

syllable structure:

*all examples are taken from Goksel and Kerslake (2005).

1..

In this paper I will describe the emphatic reduplication phnomenon in modern Turkish. The emphatic reduplication is a prefix added to adjectives. its function is mostly as a modifier (very/really). Some of the reduplicated adjectives became “phrases” and therefore lost its emphatic meaning, but the basic function is to modifie the adjectives.stems that begin with a vowel, their prefix consists of the vowel's reduplication followed by a /p/ as in: ince 'thin' --> ip-ince 'very thin' . Stems that begin with a consonant and a vowel (CV), their prefix consists of the first CV's reduplication followed by either /p/, /m/, /s/, or /r/, (see table 4 below)..

*all examples are taken from Goksel and Kerslake (2005).

1.1

Most of the reduplicative prefixes are consisted of /p/( in addition to the reduplicative CV from the stem)/ if the stem's initial is labial (/b/, /p/, /m/) or /t/ the /p/ in the prefix is replaced with either /s/, /r/ or /m/. /r/ has the least cases of appearing in the prefix. /s/ and /m/ are the better option for when /p/ is not applicable in the prefix. /s/ takes the cases of when the initial syllable of the stem is CV while /m/ takes the stems which has the CVC initial syllables. /s/ takes the cases when the first C is /m/ and /m/ takes the cases when the first C is /s/. In case that the CVC's last C is /m/ the prefix consists of /s/ and when the CVC's last C is /s/ the prefix consists of /m/.

1.2

in some cases V is added at the end of the prefix, as in: gündüz --> güp-e-gündüz 'in broad daylight'. Other cases adds aVC in addition to the CVC of the prefix such as: parça --> par-am-parça 'shreded into pieces' and çiplak --> çir-il-çiplak 'completely naked'. These cases are beyond the scope of this paper along with the analysis of the reduplicated /R/. these cases are irregular and will not behave according to the constraints i'm offering.

According to Wedel (1999), /p/ is the elsewhere affixal consonant chosen for the reduplicant's coda. The reduplicant will change its coda consonant only when CV or CVC onset is in the base. When reduplicating a V or VC onset bases, like :

'indZe 'thin' --> ip-indZe 'very thin', /p/ will be chosen. For the rest of the cases I will try to suggest these next constraints.

2. constraints:

the input of the emphatic reduplication is:

[[[RED +] +base] or [[[C1V +2>2>] +C1V/.C2]

RED Is the first CV of the base plus one of the 3 consonants. In each tableau I will only run 3 candidates using the 3 Consonants.

2.1 (*shared place): C2 in the reduplicant and C1 in the base must not have a common place of articulation.

(*shared manner): C2 in the reduplicant And C1 in the base must not have a common manner of articulation.

(5)

/ baSka/ 'different'



both *shared contraints are violated by (b). (c) does not violate *shared but still (a) is chosen because *repeat is more highly ranked and C2 in the base /S/ and C2 in the reduplicant /s/ are too similar and will create a semi-repeat.

2.2

(*CiCi): no geminate, C2 in the reduplicant And C1 in the base must not be identical.

(6)

/mor/ 'purple'

(a) is violating *CiCi creating a geminate. (b) is violating *shared place. Only (c ) is not violating any constraint and there for chosen.

2.3

(*repeat): the initial CVC of the base must not be the same CVC of the reduplicantC2 in both the reduplicant And the base can not even have a common mannar of place of articulation like:

/s/ and /S/. Must not repeat the same sequence of the base's CVC, even when C2 in the base is not the coda but the onset of the next CV/CVC.

(7)

/pembe/ 'pink'

(a) is not chosen because of the geminate /p/ created. (b) is ruled out by *repeat and the optimal candidate is (c ) being the non labial option /s/.

2.4

adjectives like 'miskin' and 'mest' are being reduplicated with the elsewhere /p/

tablau (8) shows that *CiCi and *repeat are ranked higher than *shared place. The ranking of *repeat and *CiCi is not clear.

(8)